Voces de máquina

Avui dia són més aparents que mai les tensions existents entre la lluent pàtina de les tecnologies de consum, el seu disseny intuïtiu i interfícies senzilles i les rígides, inflexibles i rigoroses infraestructures derivades de la programació, l'electrònica i l'electricitat que les fa possibles. L'interès de la indústria actual per agrupar-se i integrar-se en serveis com iCloud d'Apple presenta agents dispars com un objecte únic. Aquest projecte ideològic allunya els usuaris de les prestacions i la techne dels objectes en ells mateixos. Hi ha un desfasament entre la imatge i la tela, entre la superfície i la profunditat.  En aquest article es repassen breument les implicacions crítiques i filosòfiques d'aquesta discordança, recalcant els territoris discursius que han introduït els artistes i, especialment, les oportunitats creatives que comporta la utilització d'exemples de «veus de màquina» -glitch (fallades tècniques), soroll estàtic, enregistraments o restes magnètiques- com a material artístic. S'argumentarà que aquests materials permeten escurçar la distància entre imatge i objecte. S'analitzaran dues obres que exploren aquestes possibilitats en el context de l'art basat en pantalla. Finalment es postula que el desenvolupament tecnològic s'ha basat sempre en una subjectivitat repartida entre éssers humans i elements no humans i que reconèixer-ho és essencial no solament per a avaluar la nostra relació amb els mitjans sinó també per a definir el que queda fora de l'esfera de les preocupacions humanes en el gran espai obert de la metafísica.There are tensions, apparent to us now as never before, between the polished gloss of consumer technologies, their intuitive design, their smooth interfaces and the hard, angular and unforgiving infrastructures of programming, electronics and electrics which make them possible. Ongoing industry directions to cluster and integrate in services such as Apple's iCloud present disparate agents as one unified object. This ideological project of gathering, abstracts users ever further from the affordances and techne of things in themselves. A gap is perceived then between image and canvas, between surface and depth. A short survey of the critical and philosophical implications of this dissonance will be undertaken with an emphasis on the discursive territories opened for artists and in particular the creative opportunities of directly using examples of 'machine voices': glitch, static, recordings or traces of magnetism as art making materials. It will be argued that such materials allow practitioners to collapse distances between image and object. Two recent artworks will be discussed which explore such possibilities in the context of screen-based art. It will be further posited that technological development has depended on a subjectivity distributed between humans and non-humans and that to acknowledge this is crucial in evaluating not only our own relationships with and attitudes to media but also outside the sphere of human concerns in the great outdoors of metaphysics.Hoy en día son más aparentes que nunca las tensiones existentes entre la reluciente pátina de las tecnologías de consumo, su diseño intuitivo y sencillas interfaces y las rígidas, inflexibles y rigurosas infraestructuras derivadas de la programación, la electrónica y la electricidad que las hace posibles. El interés de la industria actual por agruparse e integrarse en servicios como iCloud de Apple presenta a agentes dispares como un objeto único. Este proyecto ideológico aleja a los usuarios de las funcionalidades y la techne de los objetos en sí mismos. Existe un desfase entre la imagen y la tela, entre la superficie y la profundidad. En este artículo se repasan brevemente las implicaciones críticas y filosóficas de esta discordancia, haciendo especial hincapié en los territorios discursivos que han introducido los artistas y, en especial, en las oportunidades creativas que supone utilizar ejemplos de «voces de máquina» -glitch (fallos técnicos), ruido estático, grabaciones o restos magnéticos- como material artístico. Se argumentará que estos materiales permiten acortar la distancia entre imagen y objeto. Se analizarán dos obras que exploran estas posibilidades en el contexto del arte basado en pantalla.Finalmente se postula que el desarrollo tecnológico se ha basado siempre en una subjetividad repartida entre seres humanos y elementos no humanos y que reconocerlo es esencial para evaluar no sólo nuestra relación con los medios sino también para definir lo que queda fuera de la esfera de las preocupaciones humanas para adentrarse en el gran espacio abierto de la metafísica

Repeating the past: lessons for visualisation from the history of computer art.

The development of critical discourse and experimental practices in computer art of the 1960s and 1970s was informed by new forms of collaboration between artists, scientists and institutions. This paper acknowledges the debt owed by modern visualization practice to developments of this period but suggests that much of the artistic and philosophical legacy has been largely ignored in this area. It is argued that criticality in visualization practice should be informed by a number of aspects of 1960s and 1970s computer art practice, including implications for collaborative practice, thinking about mediation, and the integration of aesthetics with life experience

Bootlegger : Turning Fans into Film Crew

Abstract Bootlegger is a system for creating multi-camera films of live music events using mobile devices. Using readily available technology and a synthesis of film-making conventions, the system coordinates music fans at live shows into an improvised film crew, suggesting shots, collating footage and generating rich metadata in real time. Bootlegger is part of a research project exploring adapting professional media workflows to amateur contexts in order to lower the bar to entry for media production. By enabling concert-goers ..

Spring Phytoplankton Photosynthesis, Growth, and Primary Production and Relationships to a Recurrent Coastal Sediment Plume and River Inputs in Southeastern Lake Michigan

[1] A recurrent coastal sediment plume (RCP) is an episodic event in the southern basin of Lake Michigan that typically coincides with the spring diatom bloom. Strong winter storm activity during El Nino conditions in 1998 resulted in a large and intense RCP event. Consistently higher values of the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis, P-max(B), were observed in spring 1998 compared to 1999 and 2000. Higher values of P-max(B) in 1998 appeared to be related to increased availability of phosphorus, as evidenced by significant correlations of P-max(B) with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). Light-saturated growth rates were also significantly correlated with SRP concentrations. These findings were consistent the view that the RCP was a source of enrichment. However, incubation experiments involving lake water enriched with sediments showed relatively small increases in growth and photosynthetic parameters, while enrichments with river water exhibited elevated rates. This result, along with increased levels of river discharge in 1998 and high levels of dissolved phosphorus in river water, supported the view that riverine inputs rather than the RCP were responsible for the higher photosynthetic parameters and growth seen for coastal margin assemblages. Despite the higher levels of P-max(B) in 1998, model analyses revealed that reduced light availability resulting from the intense RCP event constrained phytoplankton growth rates and primary production during this season and apparently suppressed the development of a typical spring bloom. These findings indicate a potential for reduced ecosystem productivity in response to extreme storm events, the frequency of which may increase with projected long-term climate changes

“I’ve been manipulated!”: Designing Second Screen Experiences for Critical Viewing of Reality TV

The recent proliferation of a reality TV genre that focusses on welfare recipients has led to concerns that prime-time media experiences are exacerbating misconceptions, and stifling critical debate, around major societal issues such as welfare reform and poverty. Motivated by arguments that ‘second screening’ practices offer opportunities to engage viewers with issues of political concern, we describe the design and evaluation of two smartphone apps that facilitate and promote more critical live-viewing of reality TV. Our apps, Spotting Guide and Moral Compass, encourage users to identify, categorise, tag and filter patterns and tropes within reality TV, as well as reinterpret social media posts associated with their broadcast. We show that such interactions encourage critical thinking around typical editing and production techniques and foster co-discussion and reflection amongst viewers. We discuss, more broadly, how these interactions encourage users to identify the wider consequences and framings of reality TV, and offer implications and considerations for design that provokes criticality and reflection in second screening contexts

Transitions in digital personhood:Making sense of online activity in early retirement

We present findings from a qualitative study about how Internet use supports self-functioning following the life transition of retirement from work. This study recruited six recent retirees and included the deployment of OnLines, a design research artifact that logged and visualized key online services used by participants at home over four-weeks. The deployment was supported by pre- and post-deployment interviews. OnLines prompted participants’ reflection on their patterns of Internet use. Position Exchange Theory was used to understand retirees’ sense making from a lifespan perspective, informing the design of supportive online services. This paper delivers a three-fold contribution to the field of human-computer interaction, advancing a lifespan-oriented approach by conceptualizing the self as a dialogical phenomenon that develops over time, advancing the ageing discourse by reporting on retirees’ complex identities in the context of their life histories, and advancing discourse on research through design by developing OnLines to foster participant-researcher reflection informed by Self Psychology

Measuring recall of medical information in non-English-speaking people with cancer: A methodology

Background Many patients who require an interpreter have difficulty remembering information from their medical consultations. Memory aids such as consultation audio-recordings may be of benefit to these patients. However, there is no established means of measuring patients’ memory of medical information. Objectives This study aimed to develop a method for eliciting and coding recall of medical information in non-English-speaking patients. Design This method, called Patient-Interpreter-Clinician coding (PICcode), was developed in the context of a phase II trial conducted in two outpatient oncology clinics in Melbourne, Australia, and was refined iteratively through consultation with an expert panel and piloting. Between-coder differences in early versions of the coding system were resolved through discussion and consensus resulting in refinements to PICcode. Results The final version of PICcode involved transcribing, translating and coding of audio-recorded consultations and semi-structured interviews (SSI). The SSIs were designed to elicit patients’ free-recall of medical information. Every unit of medical information in the consultation was identified and categorized in a coding tree. SSIs were coded to identify the extent to which information was recalled from the consultation. Discussion The iterative changes involved in developing PICcode assisted in clarifying precise details of the process and produced a widely applicable coding system. PICcode is the most comprehensively described method of determining the amount of information that patients who use an interpreter recall from their medical consultations. PICcode can be adapted for English-speaking patients and other healthcare populations

A role for Snf2-related nucleosome-spacing enzymes in genome-wide nucleosome organization

The positioning of nucleosomes within the coding regions of eukaryotic genes is aligned with respect to transcriptional start sites. This organization is likely to influence many genetic processes, requiring access to the underlying DNA. Here, we show that the combined action of Isw1 and Chd1 nucleosome-spacing enzymes is required to maintain this organization. In the absence of these enzymes, regular positioning of the majority of nucleosomes is lost. Exceptions include the region upstream of the promoter, the +1 nucleosome, and a subset of locations distributed throughout coding regions where other factors are likely to be involved. These observations indicate that adenosine triphosphate-dependent remodeling enzymes are responsible for directing the positioning of the majority of nucleosomes within the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome

TryFilm : Situated Support for Interactive Media Productions

The emergence of participatory, on-demand and interactive media is changing the media production landscape. Producing interactive media is often more complex than creating traditional linear films, resulting in increased pressure for production teams. In this paper we explore what implications this has for cast and crew who participate in the production of such new media. We explore how collaborative technologies can support creative practitioners, within these challenging settings. We present TryFilm, a collaborative editing system, designed by the authors and deployed during an interactive film shoot by a small film company featuring a cast of early career actors

Efficacy of a compulsory homework programme for increasing physical activity and improving nutrition in children: A cluster randomised controlled trial

Background: Most physical activity interventions in children focus on the school setting; however, children typically engage in more sedentary activities and spend more time eating when at home. The primary aim of this cluster randomised controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a compulsory, health-related homework programme on physical activity, dietary patterns, and body size in primary school-aged children. Methods: A total of 675 children aged 7-10 years from 16 New Zealand primary schools participated in the Healthy Homework study. Schools were randomised into intervention and control groups (1:1 allocation). Intervention schools implemented an 8-week applied homework and in-class teaching module designed to increase physical activity and improve dietary patterns. Physical activity was the primary outcome measure, and was assessed using two sealed pedometers that monitored school- and home-based activity separately. Secondary outcome measures included screen-based sedentary time and selected dietary patterns assessed via parental proxy questionnaire. In addition, height, weight, and waist circumference were measured to obtain body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). All measurements were taken at baseline (T0), immediately post-intervention (T1), and 6-months post-intervention (T2). Changes in outcome measures over time were estimated using generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) that adjusted for fixed (group, age, sex, group x time) and random (subjects nested within schools) effects. Intervention effects were also quantified using GLMMs adjusted for baseline values. Results: Significant intervention effects were observed for weekday physical activity at home (T1 [P < 0.001] and T2 [P = 0.019]), weekend physical activity (T1 [P < 0.001] and T2 [P < 0.001]), BMI (T2 only [P = 0.020]) and fruit consumption (T1 only [P = 0.036]). Additional analyses revealed that the greatest improvements in physical activity occurred in children from the most socioeconomically deprived schools. No consistent effects on sedentary time, WHtR, or other dietary patterns were observed. Conclusions: A compulsory health-related homework programme resulted in substantial and consistent increases in children's physical activity - particularly outside of school and on weekends - with limited effects on body size and fruit consumption. Overall, our findings support the integration of compulsory home-focused strategies for improving health behaviours into primary education curricula. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12618000590268. Registered 17 April 2018. © 2019 The Author(s)